芊芊是什么颜色

??????????????? ???? (vertex) ?????? ??? (node) ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????; ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????????????. ???????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????????; ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????.
????????? ???????????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????. ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????.
??? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? "????????????????" ?????????????. ??? ???????? ????????? ????????, ????????????? "????? ????????" ????????????????. w , v ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? (v,w) (???????????? ?????????) ?????? ???????? w , v ???????? "?????????? ????????" ?????. ??? v ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????.
??????? ???
[????]??? ??????? ??? - deg?(v) ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????????? ???????? "??????", "?????????" ?? ?????????????????????.
- ??????
- ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ????????: deg?(v)
- ?????????
- ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. ???? ????????: deg+(v)


??????
[????]- 0 - ???????? ??? "?????? ???" ?????????.
- 1 - ???????? ???, "????? ???" ?????? "??????? ???" ?????????. ?????????? ????? ??????????? "??????? ????????" ?????????. ????????, ???????? {3,5} ???? ??? ??????? ????????.
- n ???????? ????? ??????????????? n − 1 - ???????? ???, "????? ???" ?????????.
- 0 - ??????????? ???, "????? ???" (source vertex) ?????????.
- 0 - ?????????????? ???, "??????? ???" (sink vertex) ?????????.
- ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? "?????????" ?????????.
???????????
[????]- Gallo, Giorgio; Pallotino, Stefano (1988). "Shortest path algorithms". Annals of Operations Research 13 (1): 1–79. doi:10.1007/BF02288320.
- Berge, Claude, Théorie des graphes et ses applications. Collection Universitaire de Mathématiques, II Dunod, Paris 1958, viii+277 pp. (English edition, Wiley 1961; Methuen & Co, New York 1962; Russian, Moscow 1961; Spanish, Mexico 1962; Roumanian, Bucharest 1969; Chinese, Shanghai 1963; Second printing of the 1962 first English edition. Dover, New York 2001)
- Chartrand, Gary (1985). Introductory graph theory. New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-24775-9.
- Biggs, Norman; Lloyd, E. H.; Wilson, Robin J. (1986). Graph theory, 1736-1936. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-853916-9.
- Harary, Frank (1969). Graph theory. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing. ISBN 0-201-41033-8.
- Harary, Frank; Palmer, Edgar M. (1973). Graphical enumeration. New York, Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-324245-2.
???????????????
[????]- Weisstein, Eric W., "Graph Vertex", MathWorld.